Ship-to-ship transfer operations take place at open sea or at OPL (outer port limit). the cargo changes ownership while the carrying vessel is at sea The receiving ship is called the daughter vessel and the delivering vessel is called STBL (Ship to be lightered) or Mother vessel.
One vessel will act as the terminal whilst the other one will moor. Nevertheless, it sometimes can be useful to transfer cargo from one ship to another in the open sea and this is called a ship-to-ship operation. Most of cargo operations take place between a ship and a land-based terminal. The nomenclature STS transfer should be used in reference to techniques used by civilian merchant vessels, as differentiated from underway replenishment which is the term used by the US Navy for similar, but usually far more complicated, operations between naval vessels while underway.
Cargoes typically transferred via STS methods include crude oil, liquefied gas ( LPG or LNG), bulk cargo, and petroleum products. Ship-to-ship (STS) transfer operation is the transfer of cargo between seagoing ships positioned alongside each other, either while stationary or underway.
